How to check if an element is a descendant of another

I had the need to find out of an element I got via a click event was a descendant of a particular parent element.

I assigned an id to that parent, and I checked if the clicked element belonged to its child elements using this loop:

const isDescendant = (el, parentId) => {
  let isChild = false

  if (el.id === parentId) { //is this the element itself?
    isChild = true
  }

  while (el = el.parentNode) {
    if (el.id == parentId) {
      isChild = true
    }
  }
  
  return isChild
}

document.addEventListener('click', event => {
  const parentId = 'mycontainer'

  if (isDescendant(event.target, parentId)) {
    //it is a descendant, handle this case here
  } else {
    //it's not a descendant, handle this case here
  }
})

In the while loop we use the assignment operator = to iterate until there’s no parent node anymore, in that case el.parentNode returns null and the while loop ends.

It’s a way to go “up” in the elements tree until it finishes.

Download my free JavaScript Beginner's Handbook, and check out my premium React/Vue/Svelte/Node/Next.js courses!