When you install using npm a package into your node_modules folder, or also globally, how do you use it in your Node code?

Say you install lodash, the popular JavaScript utility library, using

npm install lodash

This is going to install the package in the local node_modules folder.

To use it in your code, you just need to import it into your program using require:

const _ = require('lodash')

What if your package is an executable?

In this case, it will put the executable file under the node_modules/.bin/ folder.

One easy way to demonstrate this is cowsay.

The cowsay package provides a command line program that can be executed to make a cow say something (and other animals as well 🦊).

When you install the package using npm install cowsay, it will install itself and a few dependencies in the node_modules folder:

The node_modules folder content

There is a hidden .bin folder, which contains symbolic links to the cowsay binaries:

The binary files

How do you execute those?

You can of course type ./node_modules/.bin/cowsay to run it, and it works, but npx, included in the recent versions of npm (since 5.2), is a much better option. You just run:

npx cowsay

and npx will find the package location.

Cow says something

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