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V8 is the name of the JavaScript engine that powers Google Chrome. It’s the thing that takes our JavaScript and executes it while browsing with Chrome.
V8 provides the runtime environment in which JavaScript executes. The DOM, and the other Web Platform APIs are provided by the browser.
The cool thing is that the JavaScript engine is independent by the browser in which it’s hosted. This key feature enabled the rise of Node.js. V8 was chosen to be the engine that powered Node.js back in 2009, and as the popularity of Node.js exploded, V8 became the engine that now powers an incredible amount of server-side code written in JavaScript.
The Node.js ecosystem is huge and thanks to it V8 also powers desktop apps, with projects like Electron.
Other JS engines
Other browsers have their own JavaScript engine:
- Firefox has Spidermonkey
- Safari has JavaScriptCore (also called Nitro)
- Edge has Chakra
and many others exist as well.
All those engines implement the ECMA ES-262 standard, also called ECMAScript, the standard used by JavaScript.
The quest for performance
V8 is written in C++, and it’s continuously improved. It is portable and runs on Mac, Windows, Linux and several other systems.
In this V8 introduction, I will ignore the implementation details of V8: they can be found on more authoritative sites (e.g. the V8 official site), and they change over time, often radically.
V8 is always evolving, just like the other JavaScript engines around, to speed up the Web and the Node.js ecosystem.
On the web, there is a race for performance that’s been going on for years, and we (as users and developers) benefit a lot from this competition because we get faster and more optimized machines year after year.
Compilation
JavaScript is generally considered an interpreted language, but modern JavaScript engines no longer just interpret JavaScript, they compile it.
This happens since 2009 when the SpiderMonkey JavaScript compiler was added to Firefox 3.5, and everyone followed this idea.
JavaScript is internally compiled by V8 with just-in-time (JIT) compilation to speed up the execution.
This might seem counter-intuitive, but since the introduction of Google Maps in 2004, JavaScript has evolved from a language that was generally executing a few dozens of lines of code to complete applications with thousands to hundreds of thousands of lines running in the browser.
Our applications now can run for hours inside a browser, rather than being just a few form validation rules or simple scripts.
In this new world, compiling JavaScript makes perfect sense because while it might take a little bit more to have the JavaScript ready, once done it’s going to be much more performant that purely interpreted code.
The 2021 JavaScript Full-Stack Bootcamp will start at the end of March 2021. Don't miss this opportunity, signup to the waiting list!
More devtools tutorials:
- Introduction to Yeoman
- Bower, the browser package manager
- Introduction to Frontend Testing
- Using node-webkit to create a Desktop App
- VS Code: use language-specific settings
- Introduction to Webpack
- A short and simple guide to Babel
- An introduction to Yarn
- Overview of the Browser DevTools
- Format your code with Prettier
- Keep your code clean with ESLint
- A list of cool Chrome DevTools Tips and Tricks
- Testing JavaScript with Jest
- How to use Visual Studio Code
- Introduction to Electron
- Parcel, a simpler webpack
- An Emmet reference for HTML
- The V8 JavaScript Engine
- Configuring VS Code
- Configuring the macOS command line
- How to disable an ESLint rule
- How to open VS Code from the command line
- How to set up hot reload on Electron